Mexican History -Research paper biography of Miguel Hildago y Costilla Research

Mexican History - life story of Miguel Hildago y Costilla - Research Paper Example Hidalgo then declined attacking Mexico and rather took the town of Guadalajara. After this point Hidalgo’s disobedience was neutralized until his inevitable execution (Chasteen 2001). For an amazing duration Miguel Hidalgo delighted in numerous accomplishments and disappointments. While Miguel Hidalgo is outstanding for various reasons, the essential purposes behind his reputation is a result of the disobedience he ordered. Hidalgo was naturally introduced to a wealthy family and from the get-go in life he got extremely strong instruction. Without a doubt, perhaps the best accomplishment during this period was his acquiring his degree in theory in 1773. He at that point proceeded to get appointed as a cleric in 1778. At that point in 1790 be became dignitary of San Nicolas school. In the wake of moving to Dolores in 1803, another of Hidalgo’s extraordinary accomplishments was utilizing the area’s normal assets to devise approaches to support poor people. Maybe th e accomplishment Hidalgo is generally perceived for is his authorizing an enormous scope insubordination in Mexico. During this procedure Hidalgo got various distinctions and achievements, including His Most Serene Highness. There were various character components that drove Hidalgo in progress and disappointment. As far as the defiance, maybe the most unmistakable character components comprised of his strict alliance, which gave the resistance an ethical focus and added to Hidalgo’s initiative capacity.

Private Takeover of Data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Private Takeover of Data - Essay Example The procedure of democratization is inborn in the multidimensional and multifaceted communication of the majority with the ecological variables that have a critical effect. For sure, history is observer to the way that they are equipped for affecting any future plan of action to the development of another political condition.  The framework regularly speaks to social molding of the individuals which may communicate their qualities, interests and general personal conduct standard, in given setting. In any case, there is expanding the inclination of aggregate portrayal of the gathering that might be in a situation to intentionally impact a helpless crowd towards a set course accordingly clarifying the rebuilding of the social texture in a progressively sane way that is purposeful and pre-decided. The most recent fifty years have seen the crumbling authority of the administration control through different procedures like privatization, deregulation, and decentralization of intensity has advanced expanding commercialization of occupations that were until now limited to the administration offices for secrecy and security reasons.  The deregulation and de-centralization have gotten private players to the national field where they can deal with the legislature. Actually, media has been one the most remarkable private player which uses significant impact over the individuals and the legislature. They have become solid promoters for power games. Personal stakes presently rule the general objectives and targets of the media proprietors. Citizens’ government assistance has assumed a lower priority and control of general feeling has become the standard. With their particular political inclining, they back their own contender for administrative seats, in this way affecting approaches and plans which may make them all the more impressive. Open delegates are purchased by these media goliaths with the goal that they may advocate the cartel’s questionable points and destinations.

Were You Affected by the Equifax Data BreachÂ

Were You Affected by the Equifax Data Breach   Were You Affected by the Equifax Data Breach? Were You Affected by the Equifax Data Breach?Your credit may be at risk. Learn more about the impact of this epic data breach.In September 2017, Equifax, one of the three major credit bureaus, announced it suffered a data breach that comprised approximately 148 million people’s sensitive private information. The compromised information included names, social security numbers, birth dates, addresses, and driver’s license numbers. In more than 200,000 cases, credit card numbers were compromised, and in about 182,000 cases, documents that contained personal identifying information were breached.While the Equifax breach isn’t the largest one to ever take place, it was still unprecedented due to the very sensitive nature of the information that was compromised.Chances are, at some point in time, you’ve been the victim of a data breach. In this post, we will walk you through the dangers of data breaches and how to check whether or not your information was compromised.The ABCs of da ta breaches    The Equifax data breach is significant because it happened to a credit bureau, a type of company that collects your financial data from creditors, analyzes it, and produces your credit report and credit score.The data collected by credit bureaus, such as social security numbers and account information, are highly sensitive. Hackers can use that information to open fraudulent accounts in your name or steal your identityâ€"or sell it to someone who wants to do the same. For example, they may open credit cards or utility accounts in your name, run up bills, and then abandon them.This kind of fraudulent activity can tank your credit score, which is a tool creditors, such as banks, use to decide whether or not you qualify for certain financial products, such as loans. This, in turn, can lead to financial ruin.The danger behind data breachesThose who are just starting to build their credit or have lower credit scores may be more vulnerable than others. It doesn’t take muc h to ruin a credit score, and when this happens, it can make it even more difficult for victims to qualify for things like loans, mobile phone plans, rent applications, and even certain jobs. Frequently, when people cannot qualify for traditional financial products, they turn to high-risk alternative products such as no credit check loans, bad credit loans, and payday loans. These loans are often sold by predatory lenders and can set debt traps for borrowers.Identity theft is a growing problem in the United States. According to a report from the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC), in 2018 there were more than 444,000 cases of identity theft in the United States, a 15% increase from 2017.You’ve likely heard advice about how to protect your information online: Don’t give out personal identifying information. Never send your social security number to sources you can’t identify or don’t trust. Use complex passwords and don’t use the same password on multiple sites. But in the case of this Equifax breach, there really isn’t anything you could have done to protect yourself. Credit bureaus collect your information as a matter of course, and there really isn’t a way for consumers like you to opt out of them.How to check your breach statusThe easiest way to check if you were one of the thousands of Americans affected by the Equifax data breach is to visit this settlement eligibility page, the official page of the settlement that is run by the settlement administrator, not Equifax. There, you will input your last name and the last six digits of your social security number. With this information, the settlement tool will be able to tell you whether or not you were impacted by the breach â€" that is, whether or not your information was compromised.I was impacted. Now what?In July 2019, the U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and the FTC announced a $700 million settlement with Equifax, which would offer monetary relief to those impacted by the breach. As of September 2019, the settlement had not been finalized or approved by the courts, but the FTC’s website and Equifax breach settlement site has information to help people determine if they are potentially eligible for compensation or if there are other options available to them. There are deadlines  associated with the various options available.Continue to monitor your creditIn the meantime, it’s always important to monitor your own credit reports, which you can do for free once a year. If you notice suspicious activity and think your identity may have been stolen, check out this  post on what to do in addition to several others below:So Your Identity Has Been Stolen Now What?What to do About Data LeaksTips for Protecting Your Data OnlineShould You Freeze Your Credit?

Impact of Social Media on The Youths - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 550 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Media Essay Did you like this example? Social media includes all online mediums that enable input, communication, content sharing for a large number of people over a wide area. It includes all applications or website that one can text, watch and share videos, get news and other information, buy and sell goods among other functionalities at the convenience of one location, cost and time. Some of the most common social media platforms include; Facebook, Google, twitter, Instagram, blogs, YouTube, Snapchat, Amazon, Whatsapp just to name a few. Social media has made considerable milestones in the 21st century especially since the development of smartphones and other technology innovations. It has caught the interest of the masses both the old and the young and its influence cannot be ignored. The youth for the most part are the ones who greatly use the social media platforms. This fast growth and wide use has prompted researchers to carry out investigations on the impact it has made. Social media just like everything else in life has its two sides of the coin, the positive and the negative impact. This research paper aims at exploring some of these impacts on the lives of youths. It aims to look into the impact on the morals, behavior, social life as well as the on mental and physical impact. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact of Social Media on The Youths" essay for you Create order One of the positive impacts is the networking and ease of communication and access to information. Social media is one of the actualization of the world is a global village. It has enabled the youth to keep in touch with friends and family who are far away both within and without the country. This keeps the connections alive and thriving because people can still checking on each other and share in each others life happenings. They are also able to make new friends and broaden their circles of networks and connections. This can lead to opportunities like employment, marriages, travelling among others. The ease of access to news and information also enables them to keep abreast with the happenings in and outside the borders of the country. An informed youth can then make better decisions and learn a thing or two. Another positive impact is the boost in creativity that it sparks in the youth. Social media applications like blogs, YouTube, Instagram and Twitter provide platforms for youths to showcase their talents. The writers, photographers, singers, dancers, models and even the meme and jokes creators have all the opportunities to do what they love best and share that. This can also lead to jobs being created and can open doors for them to people who can spot, help them grow and earn from their talents and abilities. This has also helped some youths fight off unemployment and also stay away from things that could be detrimental to their development like gangs and drugs. Despite the ease in connectivity offered by social media a number of negative influences are also witnessed. First up is the paradox that the more the youths the more they are disconnected. Social media has bridged the gap that sending of letters and making phone calls and SMS could not have. However, in solving the ease of connection it has disconnected the youth from the present. Youths spend a lot of time online and end up isolating themselves from the face to face interactions.

Mother Savage Desirees Baby-Compare and contrast Essay

Mother Savage takes place in Virelogne during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. The narrator retells the story behind the ruins of a thatched cottage. At thirty-three years of age, Mother Savage’s son volunteered in the war (on the French side), leaving his mother alone. Mother Savage lived alone in her cottage until the Prussians came one day. Since she was known to have money, she had to take four of them. They seemed to be good boys. Since they saw Mother Savage was an elder lady, they showed consideration toward her and helped with as much as they could. She fed them and treated them well even though they were the enemy and her own son was fighting against them. One day she asked them if they know where the French regiment was, since†¦show more content†¦I took his watch out of his pocket to bring to you when the war is over. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cordially, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cà ©saire Rivotnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Private Second Class in the nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Twenty-third Regiment of the Line (page 67) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This letter instigated violence in the heart of Mother Savage. Her only son had been killed by the Prussians. And there she was, living with four Prussian soldiers. The letter had been written three weeks prior. The soldiers had been living in her cottage for one month. These soldiers could have been same ones responsible for Victor’s death. The sorrow in her heart was too much to bear. She had to do something in revenge. She decided to burn her cottage with the four soldiers in it while they were asleep. This act of violence gave her calmness and satisfaction. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The significance of violence in this story helps the reader to better understand the story

Walden and Transcendentalism Free Essays

Henry Thoreau’s masterpiece, Walden or a Life in the Woods, shows the impact transcendentalism had on Thoreau’s worldview. Transcendentalism is a philosophy that asserts the primacy of the spiritual over the material. Transcendentalism puts the emphasis on spiritual growth and understanding as opposed to worldly pleasures. We will write a custom essay sample on Walden and Transcendentalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thoreau’s idea of transcendentalism stressed the importance of nature and being close to nature. He believed that nature was a metaphor for spiritual enlightenment. A walk in the woods therefore was a search for spiritual enlightenment. One should look ‘through’ nature, not merely ‘at’ her. In Walden, Thoreau’s idea of transcendentalism is broken into three areas. The first is the importance of the spiritual world as opposed to material wants. He accentuates this idea by explaining how the physical world only exists so that souls can experience life to the fullest. Thoreau speaks a great deal about physical property in the first chapter, entitled â€Å"Economy†. He keeps a detailed record of the economic cost of his venture into the woods and explains to his readers his pity for the people who have numerous material possessions. Thoreau states, â€Å"When I have met an immigrant tottering under a bundle which contained his all†¦I have pitied him, not because that was his all, but because he had all that to carry. †[1] The second transcendentalism theme is the idea of individuality- the idea that an individual is unique and should act according to his personality and ideals. Individuality is a basic idea of the transcendentalists and they firmly believed that one should search for ‘self-discovery’. Thoreau observed, â€Å"Every man is the builder of a temple, called his body, to the god he worships, after a style purely his own, nor can he get off by hammering marble instead. †[2] He emphasized the â€Å"style† as an individual style, one that was distinctive to each person. He even told his readers in Walden that he went into the woods to search for knowledge and truth. Self-discovery and individuality were also attributed to any other characters in Walden that were mentioned. Thoreau takes great pains to describe each character, even down to the farmer’s â€Å"wrinkled, sibyl-like, cone-headed†[3] infant in chapter 10, â€Å"Baker Farm†. He makes sure his readers understand the unique attributes of each individual in his experiences. As Thoreau once said, â€Å"It is what a man thinks of himself that really determines his fate. † The final prominent transcendentalism theme expressed in Walden is the importance of experiences. Transcendentalists believed personal experience is how one learned. Literally, people learned everything the hard way. Thoreau demonstrated this clearly in the experiment of living in the woods for two years. He explains in Walden that he wanted to experience living simply for an extended period of time. Notice that Thoreau did not speculate, draw conclusions, or even ask someone who had tried it. The only way, in his mind, that he was going to learn about living simply was to undergo it personally. In speaking about life in the chapter, â€Å"Where I lived and What I Lived For†, Thoreau said,â€Å"†¦if [life] proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. †[4] He emphasized living and feeling everything to be able to understand life and its meaning. Walden is often viewed as simply a proponent of environmental care and nature. However, it persuades the reader to do much more than take care of nature. In fact, nature is not even the most prominent ideal in Thoreau’s writings. The thesis of Walden is clearly stated in the first few pages of the book. Thoreau writes, â€Å"With respect to luxuries and comforts, the wisest have ever lived a more simple and meager life than the poor†¦None can be an impartial or wise observer of human life but from the vantage ground of what we should call voluntary poverty. [5] The entirety of the â€Å"Economy† chapter is devoted to material possessions and Thoreau’s idea that the physical pleasures exist only to help the soul endure. Very little time is spent on the goodness of nature. When it is mentioned, it is shown, as was stated above, that nature serves as a sort of looking glass to spiritual ideals. Because this book was quoted often by radical groups in 1960-70, W alden became a sign of disobedience and rebellion to the conservative community. However, there are a few ideas of which Christians can approve. The first is non-materialism. Thoreau quotes Matthew 6:19 saying, â€Å"By a seeming fate, commonly called necessity, they are employed, as it says in an old book, laying up treasures which moth and rust will corrupt and thieves break through and steal. It is a fool’s life, as they will find when they get to the end of it, if not before. †[6] He takes great pains throughout the entire book to make sure his readers understand that material possessions should not be the only thing in which people place all of their happiness. The second idea Christians can applaud is the idea of individuality. As was mentioned above, Thoreau kept the Transcendentalist idea of a person’s individual worth in his writings. Because of this belief, he was one of the most outspoken human rights activists in his lifetime. He wrote A Plea for Captain John Brown supporting John Brown’s efforts to end slavery. Thoreau said, â€Å"I do not believe in erecting statues to those who still live in our hearts, whose bones have not yet crumbled in the earth around us, but I would rather see the statue of Captain Brown in the Massachusetts State-House yard, than that of any other man whom I know. I rejoice that I live in this age, that I am his contemporary. [7] His belief in the basic human rights of every man stemmed from his support of individuality and the unique worth of every person on this planet. Even though there are a few ideas that Christians can applaud in Walden, there is one of which they should be wary. This idea is the idea that rebellion and disobedience towards government is acceptable if one believes the government is wrong. Ralph Waldo Emerson, in his eulogy for Thoreau, articulated this idea, saying that Thoreau opposed the government. Thoreau disrespected government officials by refusing to obey tax laws and paid for it by spending a brief time in jail. However, many people, instead of realizing the negative influence Thoreau was creating, idealized him for his ‘patriotic’ stance. Thoreau says in Walden, â€Å"One afternoon, near the end of the first summer†¦I was seized and put into jail, because, as I have elsewhere related I did not pay a tax to, or recognize the authority of, the state which buys and sells men, women, and children, like cattle at the door of its senate-house. †[8] He did not recognize the authority of the government because of the slavery in the country. Even though slavery is immoral, Romans 13:1 clearly states, â€Å"Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God. †[9] The Bible articulates that Christians must be subject to those whom God has placed into authority. Thoreau discourages this idea and instead institutes an attitude of rebellion. Christians should be cautious of this attitude and worldview. Very few instances occur in which Christians should rebel against authority. The only instance where they should rebel is under a government which demands that its citizens disobey God’s orders. Walden was written many years ago and yet, society can still learn from the author’s words. Whether the ideas are detrimental or helpful, everyone can agree that Thoreau was a strong Transcendentalist with a distinct mindset. This mindset affects everyone who reads his works. Emerson once articulated that Thoreau inspired many around him through his idealistic thinking. Thoreau has inspired, and will continue to inspire, numerous people through his book, Walden or a Life in the Woods. ———————– [1] Henry David Thoreau, Walden ; and Civil Disobedience (New York: Barnes and Nobles Classics, 2003), 56. 2] Henry David Thoreau, Walden ; and Civil Disobedience (New York: Barnes and Nobles Classics, 2003), 175. [3] Henry David Thoreau, Walden ; and Civil Disobedience (New York: Barnes and Nobles Classics, 2003), 161 [4] Henry David Thoreau, Walden ; and Civil Disobedience (New York: Barnes and Nobles Classics, 2003), 74 (brackets added) [5] Henry David Thoreau, Walden ; and Civil Disobedience (New York: Barnes and Nobles Class ics, 2003), 16 [6] Henry David Thoreau, Walden ; and Civil Disobedience (New York: Barnes and Nobles Classics, 2003), 9 [7] â€Å"Thoreau–On John Brown,† Virginia Commonwealth University, http://www. cu. edu/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/thoreau/johnbrown. html (accessed September 15, 2010). [8] Henry David Thoreau, Walden ; and Civil Disobedience (New York: Barnes and Nobles Classics, 2003), 137 [9] â€Å"Passage: Romans 13:1 (ESV Bible Online),† Good News / Crossway Home – Christian Books, Gospel Tracts, and the English Standard Version (ESV) Bible, http://www. gnpcb. org/esv/search/? q=Romans 13:1 (accessed September 15, 2010). How to cite Walden and Transcendentalism, Papers

Tartufffe Essay Example For Students

Tartufffe Essay Tartuffe, an odious hypocrite posing as a member of the clergy has ingratiated himself with the credulous Orgon and his mother Mme. Pernelle. He is taken into Orgons home. Both Orgon and his mother believe that Tartuffes pious example will be good for the other members of the family. But everyone else in the family, including even the outspoken servant Dorine, is perceptive enough to see through the impostor. Despite the protestations of his sensible brother-in-law Cleante and his son Damis, Orgon determines that his daughter Mariane, who is in love with a young man named Valere, shall marry Tartuffe. When Orgons wife Elmire seeks out Tartuffe to beg him to refuse Marianes hand, he attempts to seduce her. Damis, who has overheard, denounces the impostor, but Orgon reacts by banishing his son rather than his guest and by signing over his entire property to Tartuffe. Realizing the futility of reasoning with either Tartuffe or her husband, Elmire devises a way to expose the hypocrite to Orgon. She persuades Orgon to conceal himself under a table while she seduces Tartuffe, and thus witnesses the impostors advances to her. Orgons eyes are opened a little too late, for he has already assigned all he owns to Tartuffe. When Tartuffe realizes his hypocrisy has been discovered, he promptly turns the family out of the house. Then by reporting to the authorities that Orgon possesses a strongbox containing the papers of an exiled friend, Tartuffe contrives to have his former host arrested. But by order of the King, the arresting officer apprehends Tartuffe instead, and the impostor is hauled off to prison for his treacherous behavior toward his well-meaning if too credulous host. The play ends as Damis is reconciled with his father and the wedding of Mariane and Valere is announced. A hilarious study in evil, this comedy is about an emotionally fractured family being tested further by the ambition of an insidious and calculating house guest. This farce heeding the marvelo us idiosyncrasies of French manners of the time gallops towards its climax leaving an exhausting trail of laughter in its wake. This play illustrates in a comic manner the neoclassical lesson of a man getting into trouble by failing to live by the neoclassical precept of moderation. It is an excellent example of using comedy to laugh people out of their foibles. In this play it is possible to place most of the characters into two categories: those who embody the neoclassical ideals and those who violate the ideals. Think about how you would label each of the following: Madame Pernelle, Orgon, Elmire, Damis, Mariane, Cleante, Dorine. In scene 1, what is bothering Madame Pernelle?What do we learn about Tartuffes background in this scene?What is Dorines analysis of the source of rumors about the family? (lines 103-140) What shrewd insight into human nature does she state?In scene 2, Dorine speaks of Orgons activities in the recent political unrest (lines 9-13). How do these later facts figure into the resolution of the plot?From scene 3, what complicated relationship do we discern among Damis, Mariane, Valere, and Valeres sister?Orgon first appears in scene 4. What is humorous about the questions he puts to Dorine? Cite some examples of sarcasm. In scene 5 how is Racine able to make us see the hypocrisy of Tartuffe while Orgon, our source of information, cannot see it?In scene 2, look carefully at the various methods Dorine uses to convince Orgon to change his mind about forcing the marriage of Mariane and Tartuffe. In this scene, what excuse does Orgon give for breaking his promise to Valere?In scene 3, what excuse does Mariane give for accepting her fathers plan for the marriage? Is Moliere saying something about virtue and moderation?In scene 4, what is the cause of the spat between the lovers? What point is Moliere making here?What is Dorines plan at this point in the play?What do we learn about the character of Damis as scene 1 opens?As tartuffe first appears on stage in scene 2, he is speaking of a hair-shirt and a scourge. What is the significance of these statements?In scene 3, as Tartuffe attempts to seduce Elmire, what arguments does he make to justify his actions toward her?What point is Racine making in having Damis leap from his hiding place, in scene 4, and accuse Tartuffe?In scene 6, Tartuffe confesses, yet Orgon does not believe him guilty. How is Tartuffe able to accomplish this?Orgons rash actions in scene 7 can be labeled as comic and tragic. Which is which?Scene 1 shows Tartu ffe perhaps at his cleverest. Look carefully at his justification for refusing to mend his quarrel with Damis and for accepting the wealth of Orgon. In scene 3 what explanation does Orgon give for his failure to believe his own wife when Tartuffe was accused of trying to seduce her. Scene 5, with Orgon under the table and Tartuffe making his advances toward Elmire is the paramount comic scene in this play. What are the elements of humor here?In scene 7, Orgon confronts Tartuffe, saying, Ive long suspected you, and had a feeling/That soon Id catch you at your double-dealing. Why is this statement funny?How did Tartuffe convince Orgon to hand over the strong box containing the incriminating papers?What is Orgons opinion of pious men now that he knows Tartuffes true nature? What point is Moliere making in this transformation of Orgon?In scene 2, what plan does Damis have for taking care of Tartuffe? What is Cleantes response?In scene 3, Madame Pernelle still believes in Tartuffe. Pick out the most humorous statement in this scene. Medical Marijuana EssayMoliere died in 1673 without renouncing his profession. These were the days in which being an actor was regarded as little more than being a prostitute. He died as he lived, as an actor, which meant that he could not be buried in consecrated ground or with any Christian ceremony. Renouncing the stage was then a common process, and something that Moliere might have been able to do had he not been so determined to go on stage that night, aggravating his illness. But Moliere knew that the rest of the theatre depended on him for their paycheck every night, and he could not not go on stage. Eventually, Moliere was buried in the dead of night, with a thousand candle-bearing people in attendance, though history fails to record if those people were mourners or were protesting his burial. In the course of his fifty-one years, Moliere wrote at least thirty-two plays. His company operated in Paris under the patronage of the Kings brother, and eventually King Louis XIV h imself (who was godfather to his son, perhaps in an effort to quiet the rumors). Many of Molieres plays caused a sensation in their initial performances, rattling the institutions at which they were aimed. The greatest scandal surrounding Moliere was over the then-three-act play Tartuffe, (written in 1664) which, after its initial production, was banned from the French stage for five years, and not allowed back until 1669, after it had undergone significant rewrites. Moliere was to suffer great financial loss from the inability to get his play on stage, and yet, the intervening years may have helped the development of the script, as the new five-act version that emerged from this struggle remains Molieres most produced play. Tartuffe, the story of a religious hypocrite caught in a sexual scandal, never seems to lack for modern recontextualizations. Almost every day the newspapers give us more fodder reminding us of just how on-target Moliere truly was. Tartuffe was the first play for which I did a treatment, in the Spring of 1997, with the Stage Two Theatre Company. I had been involved as assistant director of a successful production of the play with the Seattle Repertory Theatre in 1988, and had a vivid impression of the action as performed by that company ten years before. I could still hear the line readings and the comic timing of that company of actors. Drawing from several translations of the play, I explored for myself just how those characters would say the dialogue when making use of an array of language that would be available to them today, while avoiding obvious anachronisms. Molieres plays, in their time, caused quite a stir. With regard to Tartuffe, Moliere was attacked as a demon only fit for hanging. His portrayal of the pious hypocrite was seen as an attack on piety itself, and the narrow-minded for whom the message cut a little too close to home, couldnt separate the two concepts, and so condemned the work. The dilemma of the adapter is that, more than a collection of words, plays are a series of experiences that audiences observe live. Audiences are a product of their culture and their time, and when they observe those experiences in the theatre, a unique reaction is set off to create an emotional response, such as: laughter, catharsis, anger, and delight. The simple repetition of the playwrights words, over time, will not create this same emotional charge. While the script may remain the same, the world continues to change. While not necessarily looking for the violent outrage that greeted Tartuffe, I had no desire to create a sanitized museum piece of a play. Also, the very process of shifting French into English demands rearrangement, first for sense, but also for rhetorical or rhythmic structure. Once we have determined to change the words for anything more than sense, we begin to look at the wide scope of verbal by-play to transform the play into a dynamic, living vehicle to enhan ce the language, to augment the comic situation with new dialogue that capitalizes on the modern wit, and actually to interject new jokes in place of wordplay that does not and cannot translate into English or into the modern vernacular. Of course, there are limits. And the ultimate test of whether one has surpassed these limits is whether the audience continues to enjoy the work, and to find it funny. Now this is a notion that upsets many purists, who argue that a given standard is the ultimate expression of the play, and that departing from that for the simple criteria of audience enjoyment is a violation of the play. Purists may be found everywhere, just like those doctors who fought so vehemently against the notion of the circulation of the blood. Moliere was not a purist. In hBibliography:

Tulving and Pearlstone Essay Example

Tulving and Pearlstone Paper These results show a clear difference in the number of words recalled between participants using free and cued recall. The mean score has a difference of 19. 3. This is a large difference and shows a considerable insight to the input cues have on the recovery of information from the memory. It accepts the encoding-specificity principle by Tulving and Thompson (1973). It also accepts the experimental hypothesis; the participants given retrieval cues did recall more words from the list than participant using free recall. These results reflect those gained from the study by Tulving and Pearlstone (1966) (Calculations in appendix) Discussion The results show that a person will remember more words when an appropriate cue is available as shown in the graph thus accepting the experimental hypothesis. The participants using cued recall received a mean average of 36. 5 words recalled. The range from 22-43 whilst the participants using free recall received a mean average of 17. 2 words recalled, with the range from 13-21. This shows that anomalies have not affected the result. One way in which the experiment was limited and could have been affected by is the environment it was conducted in and the participants used. The participants were all Exeter College students and have chosen to further their education, their brain is still being trained so may be more susceptible to remembering information. Many students are often asked to take part in experiments so may have been using demand characteristics, which means they might have known the study is about retrieval failure and might already have known the study that was being partially replicated. We will write a custom essay sample on Tulving and Pearlstone specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tulving and Pearlstone specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tulving and Pearlstone specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Knowing this the participants would have known how to react. If this experiment were to be conducted using members of the public the results may have been different but the outcome would be the same. This is because results from the Tulving and Pearlstone study suggests this but also anyone given cues are likely to recall more information than if they are not given cues. A way to improve this study would be to conduct it in a controlled environment, free of any distractions so that the participants were concentrating solely on the experiment. This experiment was conducted using opportunity sampling, often in busy locations. This could have affected the results by diverting the participants concentration and other information would have prevented the participant from rehearsing the words. As future research one suggestion would be to concentrate on whether there was a pattern relating to the participants sex and the score they gained. To conclude, the results show that the recall of information is greatly improved when retrieval cues are available, a significant difference in the amount of words is visible. This agrees with the results gained from the investigation by Tulving and Pearlstone (1966). This study provides evidence that the free recall group knew more than they could recall, this can be stated as both groups experienced the same conditions during the learning phase and yet the cued recall group could recall far more words.

Strategic Management Paper Chapter Essays

Strategic Management Paper Chapter Essays Strategic Management Paper Chapter Paper Strategic Management Paper Chapter Paper This can affect company performance in the long run especially if people will patronize the new entrants. Rt 3 Despite the entry of new competitors, Jollibee has been insignificantly affected because of its scheme of buying competitors and assimilating itself into the Company group. 06. There is an opportunity for competitors to agree upon a price ceiling to be able to maintain their customers. Wt = . 09 To maintain customers is to ensure that product prices are kept to an affordable value considering the competition. New products are normally created that are priced to a minimum to attract customers. Rt = 2 Jollibee has maintained that prices of new products are kept abreast with competitors. By doing this, the threat of new substitute products are minimized because pricing is adapted to address the potential threat. other fast-food products to satisfy their wants in terms of food service. Wt = success largely depends on its customers and their buying power. Rt = 3 By lowering food prices, Jollibee continues to address this disposable income rise so as to maintain constant or growing sales. By lowering prices, Jollibee attracts customer who can buy more in their stores compared to ther competitors. T2. Varying consumption patterns may lead consumers to find alternative food products other than that which Jollibee may offer. Wt= . 06 The growing taste of consumers affects the sales of companies for they continue to seek out new products offering a new taste. Nonetheless, almost all food chains do not significantly differ in product offering. Rt = 3 By continuous innovations of product development, Jollibee does not significantly lose in this threat. They are able to address the growing demands for new food products. T3. With more international franchise store entering the Philippines, consumers have a lot option to decide where to go sizeable exposure to multinational fast food chains, high-end dining. Wt= . 07 Globalization is imminent and the Philippines is a good place to start developing a new food business. Filipinos are basically food enthusiast with colonial mentality preferring foreign based chains over local ones. Rt 2 Jollibee has quite failed to address the influx of new and foreign competitors. It has stuck with its brand of promoting Filipino-oriented fast food until now. T4. Jollibee faces a huge market competition due to the fact that these two (McDonalds and KFC) chains are internationally-based and is rapidly expanding and are already established within the country. Wt = . 09 McDonalds and KFC are Jollibees biggest competitors in the country. Both have the resources to play step-by-step with Jollibee in terms of resources and product development. 4 Jollibee has stepped up efforts to compete head-to-head with these two giant ast-food chains by rigorous product development and innovation. The key is continuous progress and quick response to the needs of its market. T5. Lack of new entrants to the industry results to higher competition among existing and established businesses. Wt= . 08 There are little entrants in the caliber Of Jollibee, McDonalds, or KFC in terms of fast-food chain. Therefore, the competition is narrowed among the three big competitors. Rt = 2 Repsonse is basically the same as previous threat. Jollibee has stepped up efforts to compete head-to-head with these two giant fast-food chains by igorous product development and innovation. T6. Higher competition is expected due to the threats brought by substitute products. Wt = . 09 The fast-food industry plays on product innovation and development. Lagging into these will result in reduced sales output of fast-food companies. Rt 4 Jollibee has addressed this continuous progress and quick response to the needs of its market. B) Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) A competitive profile matrix compares a company and its rivals. The matrix reveals strengths and weaknesses for each company, and critical success factors show areas of success or areas for improvement. Understanding a few key elements of a competitive profile matrix will help with interpretation. Jollibee McDonalds KFC Critical Success Factors Score 1 . Advertising . 4 0. 4 2. product Quality . 05 . 15 0. 15 0. 2 3. Price Competitiveness . 3 . 9 0. 9 0. 6 4. Management . 2 5. Financial Position 6. Customer Loyalty 0. 3 7. Global Expansion 8. Market Share 1. 2 Total: 100% 3. 57 3. 35 2. 65 4 = Major strength where the response is superior, 3 = Minor strength where the response is above average, 2 = Minor weakness where response is average, 1 = Major weakness where the response is poor. In the Philippines, it is evident that Jollibee is the leading fast-food brand overall. Although McDonalds is very close and KFC maintaining a good distance not to be left out, Jollibees SUCceSS is evident as against the other competitors largely because it is a locally-based firm unlike the other two which are internationally based. CSFI . Advertising Weight = Jollibee uses different strategies often seeking to generate increased consumption of their products or services through branding, which involves associating a products name or image with certain qualities in the minds of consumers. Jollibee Rate = 4 Jollibees revenue shoots up because of its strong marketing programs emanating from the Langhap Sarap motto. McDonalds Rate = 4 McDonalds invests on their marketing programs as well, ranging from its first, drive † thru facilities, the McSavers value meals and Happy Meals, and the introduction and re-launching of various McDonalds products. KFC Rate The chain is well known for the finger lickin good slogan which makes it such a household name in the fast food chain industry as well. CSF2. Product Quality CSF Weight = . 5 Most business, such as Jollibee, that produce goods for sale have a product uality or assurance department that monitors outgoing products for consumer acceptability Jollibee Rate = 3 Jollibee has a strong understanding of Filipinos taste and preference as well as it is high quality with a tailored menu specifically for Filipinos. McDonalds Rate = 3 McDonalds is committed to provide customers with high quality products as well KFC Rate = 4 W hile KFC is known for its Quality Management Program as its standards for product quality exceeds the customers expectations. CSF3. Price Competitiveness weight = . 3 Competitive pricing is used by Jollibee often because they sell similar roducts to that of McDonalds and KFC, since services can vary from business to business while the attributes of Jollibees products remain similar. Jollibee Rate = 3 Its price competitiveness is lower than that offered by the competitors, or the price is made more attractive because of added incentives, such as longer payment terms. McDonalds Rate 3 McDonalds also offers food at prices that cannot be easily matched by other competitors thus making this an advantage. KFC Rate = 2 KFC uses this pricing strategy as well but compared to Jollibee and McDonalds, its approach to this strategy is less aggressive compared to the ther competitors. CSF4. Management weight = . 05 It is evident that the company uses effective and efficient planning strategies from goal and objective setting hierarchical structure to duty delegations and job specifications. Jollibee Rate = 4 Jollibee always makes sure that all aspects of the day-to-day running restaurant, from sales and operational management to budgetary control and team development. We are looking for leaders who will maximize the potential of the Restaurant and deliver exceptional resu Its through their people. McDonalds Rate = 4 McDonalds has provided the same techniques with regards its management. KFC Rate = 4 ike Jollibee and McDonalds, KFC hires the right candidates to manage its operations and strategy planning. CSF5. Financial Position The company is consistent with an increasing trend in terms of revenues, operating costs and expenses. Jollibee Rate = 4 Jollibee is in a secure financial position. However, improvements are needed in some areas for the company if it intends to grow. McDonalds Rate 4 It is discovered that efficient operations, strong short and long term solvency position, high profitability, highly loyal customer, broader ne?ork expansion nd the value adding menu are major factors Of its successful financial position. KFC Rate = 4 KFCs escalating ratio is a result of the higher increase in sales over its cost of sales and operating expenses, leading to a higher income before interest and taxes. CSF6. Customer Loyalty Weight Jollibee nowadays have capitalized making their loyalty programs, which often gives benefits that also cost a little, but it carries with them an assumed prestige. Jollibee Rate = 4 Instead of targeting all customers, Jollibee only needs to target new customers in order to grow their business. Their customer loyalty is an easily efendable qualitative factor, so competing institutions will have a difficult time overcoming it. McDonalds Rate † 4 McDonalds may not have Jollibees high Customer Loyalty but it does instil brand loyalty in customers as regards to introducing Ronald McDonald as its clown mascot. KFC Rate = 3 KFCs strategy in gaining Customer Loyalty actually targets the youth and the company focuses more on innovation. CSF7. Global Expansion Jollibee is aggressively entrusting its expansion both locally and globally which in the long term, more and more of the profit growth will come from franchising. Jollibee Rate = 2 Unlike its other competitors, this company has little exposure to competition with foreigners and has limited markets with overseas Filipino communities. McDonalds Rate 4 McDonalds adaptation to the local culture in every country is the way they have managed to successfully provide Global Expansion. KFC Rate = 4 Same as McDonalds, KFC has proven its ability to expand globally along with its diverse strategies. CSF8. Market Share Weight = . 3 This fast food chain not only to win the market share of fast food customers, but also to dominate the Quick Service Restaurants (QSR) industry in the Philippines. Jollibee Rate = 4 Jollibee now controls 18% of the market in Metro Manila, handily beating McDonalds which is said to only have 10% share of the market. McDonalds McDonalds is the worlds largest food service organization. McDonalds holds more than 40% share of the US fast-food burger market, many times the share of its nearest competitor. However, in the Philippines, Jollibee is considered as having more market shares. KFC Rate = 2 KFC is currently sharing its market to brands like McDonalds and Jollibee for under Chicken Dishes category, garnering at least 30% of its share. KFC is more focused on investing in advertising. C) Internal Factors Evaluation (IFE) Matrix This strategy-formulation tool summarizes and evaluates the major strengths and weaknesses in the functional areas of a business, and it also provides a basis for identifying and evaluating relationships among those areas. Intuitive judgments are required in developing an IFE Matrix, so the appearance of a scientific approach should not be interpreted to mean this is an all-powerful technique. A thorough understanding of the factors included is more important than the actual numbers.

Power is more important than culture in determining I whether human Essay

Power is more important than culture in determining I whether human rights norms should are upheld or not - Essay Example Social status, morals, merits, religion cast, creed, race are immaterial in this case. Such rights are not static and keep on changing depending upon changing human needs. The interest shown by the United Nations, to protect the human rights reflects the rising alarm of the entire world to deliver freedom to each and every human being. Treaty like the United Nations Charter serves two main objectives i.e. it serves as an international standard which can be referred to by any nation to examine its own journey, its achievements, lacunae, standards and values; next, it gives inspiration to the countries to frame and implement policies protecting human rights in order to match the standard of the universal effort. However, it is to be noted that since the concept of protection of human rights is made with individualistic mindset a thorough investigation is needed as to where the treaty is leading us to. (Shimray, 2013, p. 72-73) Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) has come a long way in the last 60 years. Despite its history of failures and the relative incremental successes the work of the UDHR in sync with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, suggests a bright future for the human rights system. Now after 60 years, the main challenge is effective implementation and scrutiny of such laws in as many areas as possible. However, the major gain has been the manifestation of the idea that human rights cannot be done away with to upheld State sovereignty. However major lacunae still exist in the regime and one of which is the lack of a successful system to guarantee the rights of minorities and indigenous peoples. (Castellino, 2010, p.393-394) If one delves into the past, it will found that in the 1600s, the concept of state sovereignty was so rigid that it even gave a nation to kill its own people or to displace large groups of people by force and that no other nation was supposed to interfere with that. However, after the second world war

Abacus Distribution plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Abacus Distribution plc - Essay Example The Group has adopted a customer service policy with more personalised local service and a strong technical support. This ensures the company’s performance in providing quality products and support from a strongly motivated workforce. The company has an office in Asia with manufacturing operations extended in the Far East to supply European customers, quality products at competitive prices. In general, the objective of a company must be to create value for its shareholders. Value is represented by the market price of the company’s common stock, which in turn is a function of the firm’s investment, financing, and dividend decisions. The basic idea of managing finance in any business venture therefore is to acquire assets and invest in new products and services where expected return exceeds their cost, to finance with those instruments where there is particular advantage, tax or otherwise and to undertake a meaningful dividend policy for stockholders. (Ross et al.) These functions define the scope and role of financial management in any organisation. The financial management function thus concerns the acquisition, financing, and management of assets with the overall organisational goals in mind. In line with the above principles of financial management the company has taken the following actions in the financial discipline. During the year 2004 the company embarked on a major capital expenditure in upgrading the business system of the company scheduled to be completed in the year 2007. The company has adopted a policy of acquiring large properties on a freehold basis. In line with this policy the company has invested in the acquisition of subsidiaries to the extent of  £2.1 million, a net investment of  £1.1 million in plant, machinery, and equipments, and a small investment of  £0.1 million in land and building. There is an investment of  £50 million representing the acquisition of Deltron Electronics Group UK having subsidiaries in

Cultural Adaptations to Heat Stress in Dry Environments

Cultural Adaptations to Heat Stress in Dry Environments Human beings have long inhabited hot environments, and have developed several physiological mechanisms in order to deal with heat stress. We are exposed to two kinds of heat stress, environmental and metabolic, on a regular basis. Heat can be gained from the environment through radiation, convection and conduction, as well as created during the course of metabolic activity, which is compounded by exertion. The heat gained from these sources must be balanced by convective heat loss to the environment and through the evaporative cooling mechanisms (Hanna and Brown). Failure of these cooling mechanisms can result in heatstroke, a serious condition which can cause severe damage to the central nervous system (Bouchama and Knochel 2002). Over reliance on evaporative cooling can lead to another debilitating condition, dehydration. Hot desert environments, such as those found in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, are a perfect storm of stresses on human heat tolerance. High ambient temp eratures maximize heat gain from the environment, while severely reducing our ability to lose both environmental and metabolic heat by convective means. This causes an increase reliance on evaporative cooling in order to deal with rising body temperature. Increased sweating, combined with the lack of readily available water in desert climates severely increases the risk of dehydration. Populations native to desert areas exposed to the dual stresses of heat and lack of water employ a variety of cultural adaptations in order to buffer their natural thermoregulatory processes. Primary amongst these adaptations is the creation of a favorable microclimate through the use of clothing and architecture. (Hanna and Brown). Human heat tolerance can be summed up through the equation; Mb + Ma + S = E + R + K + C In this equation Mb and Ma represent heat generated by the body through basal metabolic activity and physical activity respectively. S is representative of the amount of heat stored by the tissues of the body. The right side of the equation represents environmental heat, with E, R, K, and C standing for evaporation, radiation, convection and conduction, the primary methods by which heat is lost to, or gained from, the environment. Evaporative cooling takes place as water secreted by the endocrine glands onto the skins surface undergoes a phase change and draws heat away from the body. Radiative heat gain is based on the transference of wide span length electromagnetic waves. Factors such as an objects temperature, reflectance and surface area, as well as those of objects around it, affect the net heat flow through this mechanism. While there is a positive gain of radiant heat by the human body from the sun under all circumstances, environmental conditions can greatly affect the magni tude of this gain. Heat flow by conduction functions in a manner similar to diffusion, between materials in contact with one another and from high to low heat areas. Environmentally, conductive heat exchange can occur between the body and the ground, while with-in the body it is the mechanism by which heat is transferred from the core to the surface of the skin. Convective heat flow occurs between an object and a moving fluid. The movements of the fluid can carry heat away from the body; this is the reason why a cool breeze can be so refreshing on a warm day. When ambient temperatures are at or above body temperature, however, convective currents can significantly increase heat load, sometimes beyond the bodys ability to compensate through other means (Hanna and Brown). Heat stroke is caused by an elevation of body temperature, usually due to failure of cooling mechanisms caused by exposure to high external temperatures, and is the most severe form of heat illness. Exertion can accelerate the onset of heat stroke by increasing metabolic heat production in active muscles. Symptoms of heat stroke include confusion and irrational behavior, weak pulse, elevation of breathing rate and unconsciousness. Severe cases can cause brain damage and organ failure, leading to death. An early symptom of the onset of heat illness is profuse sweating, caused by the bodys attempts to return to homeostasis. Salt loss through this excess perspiration can lead to muscle cramps, while the increase in water loss itself further elevates risk of dehydration (Heat Emergencies). Dehydration is the result of an imbalance between fluid loss and intake. Illness is a common cause of this condition, especially in children and the elderly. Reliance on sweating as a cooling mechanism without adequately rehydrating is another frequent cause of this condition. In hot dry environments, where increased sweating is required in order to maintain body temperature, dehydration is particularly common. Cases of Dehydration can randge from mild to severe, depending on the percentage of overall body water lost. Mild dehydration is easily treatable, and has relatively few long term consequences. Severe dehydration, if not treated quickly can result in damage to the central nervous system or death. Symptoms of dehydration include low blood pressure due to reduced fluid volume, elevated heart rate, dry mouth, low urine production, and in severe cases, lethargy and coma. One sign of dehydration is a reduction in skin turgor. Reduced water levels in the tissues cause skin to lose its elasticity, causing it to slowly return to position after being pinched upwards (. Cultural adaptations can serve as a buffer between the environment and the body, allowing survival in environments where physiological responses would be inadequate for or impede survival. Remarkable examples of this are seen in the populations of Northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The populations native to these regions, such as the nomadic Bedouin and semi-nomadic Tuareg have developed specialized clothing and architecture that allow them to survive in some of the hottest, driest areas in the world, the Sahara and Arabian Deserts. The specialized material culture utilized by these groups facilitates the creation of a favorable microclimate around the body which allows them to maintain homeostasis without relying as strenuously on physiological mechanisms. A desert environment is defined by the KÃ ¶ppen-Geiger climate classification system as a region where the mean annual participation in mm is less than or equal to 5 Pth, which is defined by the following equation, In order to be designated as a hot desert, the region must also have a mean annual temperature greater than or equal to 18ÂÂ °C (Kottek et al). The Sahara Desert is the largest in the world, covering an area of 9,100,000 km2 across the breadth of North Africa. The central region of the desert receives less than 25 mm of rainfall annually, while regions on the eastern margin receiving as little as 5 mm annually. Rainfall is extremely sporadic when it does occur; a single storm sometimes accounts for multiple years worth of precipitation. The region is also amongst the hottest on earth, with temperatures exceeding 50ÂÂ ° C in the summer months. Diurnal variation in temperature can be considerable, the recorded maximum variation being 38ÂÂ ° C. Extreme winds are common in the Sahara, which when laden with dust make the environment even less hospitable. Underground aquifers occasionally break the surface and create oases amongst the otherwise barren landscape of stone plat eaus, salt flats and dunes (Berrahmouni and Burgess). The Arabian Desert is the dominant eco-region on the Arabian Peninsula, covering 1,851,300 Km2. Contained within the larger desert region is the vast Rubal-Khali, the Empty Quarter, which is the largest continuous area of sand in the world, stretching 500,000 km2. Salt flats and limestone cliffs are present in other regions of the desert. Average annual rainfall is less than 35mm, while temperatures average around 47ÂÂ ° C in summer. Temperatures drop significantly at night, sometimes reaching low enough for frost to form (Llewellyn-Smith). The Bedouin are a primarily nomadic pastoralist group located in the desert regions of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. Their subsistence is based around the raising of sheep, goats and camels, with limited dependence on seasonal agriculture in groups inhabiting regions with more predictable seasonal rains. The Bedouins traditional form of shelter is the bayt, a large rectangular tent constructed from sheeps wool. The roof is supported by a series of tall poles, while the walls of the tent are pinned onto the edge of the roof. The bottoms of the wall pieces are buried in the sand or pegged down, depending on the nature of the terrain. The interior is divided into sections, one for cooking and storage, the other for the entertaining of visitors. (Chatty) The tent is typically open along one of its long sides. This open wall, called the face of the tent or wej al bait, is on the leeward side. In the event of a sudden change in the wind, the back wall of then tent is unpinned and moved to what was formerly the face of the tent. In particularly hot weather parts of the side walls are unpinned to increase air flow throughout the tent. Carpets are sometimes employed to thicken the roof of the tent when the sun is stronger than usual (Dickson). When the wind is not particularly strong the side walls can be lowered entirely in order to maximize ventilation and cooling (Musil). The Bedouin traditionally dress in long, light garments that cover a majority of the bodys surface. For men, typical garments include a long tunic like shirt with wide sleeves that reaches to the ankles, loose trousers, a sleeveless cloak and a head cloth held in place by a woolen cord wound around the head. Womens clothing is similar, consisting of a long sleeved dress, black cotton over garment, loose trousers, cloak and various degrees of head covering, depending on the region the particular group hails from (Dickson). The Tuareg are a predominantly nomadic group inhabiting the nations of Mali, Algeria Niger and Libya. Different Tuareg groups practice widely different modes of subsistence, ranging from nomadic stock-breeding and trading to oasis gardening, although the latter is viewed with somewhat of a social stigma (Rasmussen). The Tuareg utilize a variety of both portable and non-portable dwellings, depending on their particular mode of subsistence. Nomadic Tuareg generally utilize a combination of mat and skin tents depending on regional conditions and availability of materials. Both of these tent forms follow the same basic layout, with the roof and sides suspended from a series of poles anchored in the substrate, while a wooden bed forms the floor of the structure. The particular arrangement of the poles varies significantly by region and preference, ranging from a small number of arches to a series of upright posts. The more sedentary groups amongst the Tuareg construct a variety of mud and mud coated stone houses, some of which are subterranean or semi-subteranean. These houses are typically rectangular, with small windows and flat roofs, although conical and domed forms are not uncommon in some regions of the Tuaregs territory. The most conspicuous aspects of traditional Tuareg clothing amongst both men and women are elaborate head coverings, taking the form of a veiled turban-like garment amongst men and a less elaborate head cloth for women. The mens veil, called a teguelmoust, is typically worn so that only a small space for the eyes is exposed. The amount of the face exposed varies considerably, however, depending on social circumstances. Mens garb consists of loose trousers and multiple sleeveless gandurah (a loose fitting cloak-like garment). Although sleeveless, the gandurah is loose enough that it typically extends below the hands. It is folded up over the forearms or shoulders when necessary to free the hands for manual labor. Womens costume includes either baggy trousers or a cotton skirt reaching to the knees, a gandurah similar to those worn by men but stitched higher on the sides, and a combination of shawl and headscarf made from the indigo dyed cotton popular amongst the Tuareg. This is often folded across the face for protection from the elements when riding or in the sun (Briggs). The primary benefit of clothing in a desert environment is its ability to minimize radiant heat gain by blocking solar radiation. Layers of clothing and air pockets caught between the layers insulate the body and prevent heat from being transferred to it. Baggy clothing allows for ventilation and air flow around the body, which encourage both convective and evaporative heat loss while still protecting the individual from environmental heat gain. Traditional populations in the regions of the Sahara and Arabian Deserts benefit from these concepts by dressing in layers of loose clothing that covers a majority of the body. A study performed by Henschel Hanson demonstrates the effectiveness of protective clothing in maintaining body temperature. This study demonstrated that acclimatized individuals wearing desert fatigues sweat 30% less than unclothed individuals when at rest, due to protection from radiant heat gain. Further benefit is seen in a lower core temperature and reduced heart rate relative to unclothed resting individuals. Clothing becomes less effective protection as metabolic heat production increases through exertion. The same study demonstrated that the benefits experienced by the individuals in desert fatigues were reduced by half (15% less than unclothed individuals) while engaged in physical labor (Hanna Brown). This reduction is due to an increased need to vent internally produced heat as compared to the benefit of preventing the uptake of environmental heat. The traditional clothing worn by the Bedouin and Tuareg is looser than typical fatigues, allowing for better circulating and larger pockets of insulating air, as well as providing superior protection to the head, neck and shoulders. This would likely increase the protective benefit gained by an individual at rest. The design of the clothing, allowing for more significant ventilation than desert fatigues, would likely allow an individual at work to still reap the maximum protective benefit w hile at the same time shedding metabolically generated heat. Another benefit of the head coverings worn by the Bedouin and Tuareg is their ability to protect the lungs and face from the desiccating effects of the hot dry winds. When pulled across the face, these veils can maintain a small pocket of air which is relatively humid compared to the environment, which greatly reduces the discomfort caused by exposure of the mucous membranes to the dry desert air (Briggs). Amos Rapoport describes in his book House Form and Culture several architectural traditions employed in hot dry climates that create favorable microclimates for human survival. Amongst these cultural adaptations are the use of stone and clay as building materials, small windows, use of courtyards, mutual shading and underground construction (Rapoport). Building materials such as stone or mud have a significant advantage in desert environments due to their high heat capacity. These materials function as a heat sink, absorbing radiant and convective heat during the day without significantly transferring heat to the shaded interior of the building. An added advantage to this style of architecture is its ability to hold onto heat gained over the course of the day, which can help deal with the low overnight temperatures common to deserts. A similar tactic is seen in underground construction. Dwellings constructed underground can take advantage of the tremendous heat capacity of the soil i tself to buffer interior temperatures from the outside environment. An example of this can be seen in the Matmata house found in parts of the Sahara. This structure takes the form of a series of subterranean rooms built around a central, pit-like courtyard. Upwards of 30 feet of earth shield the interior rooms from the heat of the sun, allowing the inhabitants to remain significantly cooler than they would be able to in an above ground structure (Rapoport). Surface Buildings in deserts are frequently constructed with few and small windows. This functions to reduce the amount radiant heat reaching the interior of the building directly. Placing windows high in the walls further serves this purpose. Permanent dwellings constructed by the Tuareg conform to these design standards; utilizing materials with a high heat capacity and minimizing opportunities for radiant and convective heat to enter the interior through windows or large doors (Nicholaison). The tents employed by the Bedouin cannot employ the techniques described above to the same degree, but instead function in a fashion similar to that of dessert clothing. Like the long robes worn by the Bedouin, the tent absorbs radiant heat, but prevents it from reaching the cooler microclimate within the tent. Attaching extra rugs to the roof of the tent in particularly hot weather furthers its ability to block and absorb radiant heat by increasing the amount of material able to take in heat and the distance that heat has to diffuse to reach the interior of the tent. The ability to adjust the walls of the tent in accordance with the need for ventilation and the strength of the wind also is a significant advantage. Ventilation can be adjusted in order to maximize air flow through the interior of the tent, and therefore cooling, while minimizing convective heating. Even with the back walls of the tent all the way up, enough air should penetrate through gaps in the panels to create a c urrent through the tent and out the front opening, removing hot air from the interior of the tent. The mat tents used by the Tuareg are thought to be vastly superior to the skin tents in the hot, dry season. They are better ventilated and, according to claims made by anthropologist Johannes Nicolaisen, the mat covering is not heated to any great extent by the sun (Nicolaisen, p. 375). Desert environments are extremely difficult conditions under which to live. They combine high ambient heat with a lack of water, pushing the human ability to maintain thermal homeostasis to its absolute limit. This taxing environment has encouraged the use of cultural adaptations to provide a buffer between the environment and the physiologic mechanisms necessary to keep cool. The primary areas in which these adaptations are applied are clothing and architecture. Loose, light clothing is utilized to block the absorption of radiant and convective heat from the environment, while at the same time creating an environment that maximizes convective and evaporative heat loss by creating a cycling zone of cool air next to the skin, allowing thermoregulation while only minimally engaging homeostatic mechanisms. Desert architecture utilizes high heat capacity materials and the earth itself as a heat sink to keep indoor temperatures at reasonable levels. The microclimate created through these cultural techniques provides a buffer zone that protects desert populations from the harmful effects of overtaxing their bodies cooling mechanisms and allows them to survive under some of the harshest conditions on earth.

Classroom Management and Diversity

Samantha Formato Classroom management and diversity are two very important concepts to consider because classroom management in diverse environments can be a lot different than in less diverse environments. There is so much diversity going on now that everyone should be aware of the importance of classroom management inside the diverse environments. When I talk about diversity in this paper I am referring to ethnic and cultural diversity. There are many different strategies that can help students in more diverse classrooms feel more comfortable and be in a better learning environment.In my paper, I will be touching on five major strategies that help classroom management in more diverse classrooms. These strategies are building trust, engaging personal culture, confronting social dominance and social justice, transforming instructional practices, and engaging the entire school community. I will be talking about all of the advantages to these strategies. Another thing I will be touchin g on is the importance of classroom management in these diverse classrooms.I will also look at the differences between classroom management in less diverse environments and classroom management in more diverse environments. I will talk about my experiences observing classrooms and the differences between the classroom management strategies each teacher uses. Classroom management is a very critical part of teaching and having good classroom management in a more diverse classroom is a challenging task, but also a very important one. In more diverse environments especially, it is sometimes harder for teachers to have good classroom management.Mainly because the students in more diverse settings tend to act out more or disobey the rules. If students feel like they are in an open and trusting community at school they are more likely to succeed and listen to the teacher’s directions. Building trust, engaging personal culture, confronting social dominance and social justice, transfo rming instructional practices, and engaging the entire school community is five very important strategies that make classroom management easier. Building trust is one of the most important strategies that help classroom management in more diverse environments.Building trust entails being honest with students and having discussions about race and ethnicity with the entire class. Talking about students different cultures instead of just simply acting like they are not there. One teacher from the Apple Valley School District says, â€Å"I need to move beyond being color-blind. † The main idea of this strategy is to establish positive leaning communities in each classroom. If the students feel like their cultures and ethnicity are accepted they will feel more comfortable. Trust is such an important thing to have in a classroom in order to be able to have good classroom management.If the students feel like they can trust the teacher they will be more open and the teacher will have better control over his or her management (Howard, 2007). The second strategy is engaging in personal culture. This strategy is very important because it can be the difference between high school students dropping out of school or continuing on. The main reasoning of engaging in personal culture is to form authentic and effective relationships across differences. These relationships are very important to students who are going through school.If students feel that their teachers do not care about them they are more likely to drop out of school. Forming relationships with your students is important in order to maintain good classroom management. If the students feel like you enjoy getting to know them and that you respect them then they are more likely to listen and follow directions. If students feel like you do not respect them and could care less about them they are more likely to disobey and possibly even drop out of school all together (Howard, 2007). Confronting social dominanc e and social justice is the third strategy to better classroom management.This strategy is about making teachers aware of their surroundings and the issues that surround race and class. It forces teachers to think about race and class in a different way and causes them to better understand their students and what their students are going through. During this strategy teachers will come together and have discussions about race, class, gender, immigration, and other forms of diversity. They will open up and get a better consciousness about social dominance and diversity. This will help teachers teach their students better and make them more aware of what is going on around them (Howard, 2007). The fourth strategy is ransforming instructional practices. This strategy is crucial to having good classroom management. The main focus of this strategy is for teachers to shift their teachings to meet the diverse learning needs of students. Also, to use curriculum that honors each student†™s culture. For example, if a teacher was working in a school district that was mainly a Spanish speaking area if the teacher had to send something home to the parents they could send one paper home in English and on the back have the same paper written in Spanish. This would make it a lot easier on parents and students of mainly Spanish speaking families.This would also help classroom management because it is very important that your student’s parents understand you (Howard, 2007). The fifth and last strategy is engaging the entire school community. This strategy talks about how if you want to have good classroom management in diverse environments you not only have to involve the students, but also their parents. If the students are not getting any support from their parents it is hard for them to succeed. Teachers can help parents get more involved by sending home news letters and letting them know about any activates going on around the school.Even though this might not always get the students parents involved it still good to try. It is a lot easier to have classroom management when the students feel supported by not only the teacher, but also by their parents (Howard 21). Also students in schools with a strong sense of community are more likely to be academically motivated (Schaps, 2003). I recently observed two different classrooms, one in a diverse environment and one in a less diverse environment. The classroom I observed that was diverse is in the Northeast school district in Reading and the less diverse classroom is in the Pleasant Valley school district in Brodheadsville.The way the teachers in each of these schools manage their classrooms is completely different because of the diversity differences. The biggest difference I came across while observing these two classrooms was how serious each of the teachers has to be. From observing I realized how much harder it is to have good classroom management in more diverse classrooms. For example, in the more diverse classroom the teacher had to be very serious and the teacher in the less diverse classroom joked around a lot.The teacher in the more diverse classroom had to be serious because the students were constantly acting up. The teacher did not have time to joke around because at every moment she had to keep her students on track of what they were supposed to be doing. They constantly needed guidance. When I was observing the less diverse classroom I saw that the teacher joked around a lot. He made funny references and was all around less serious and strict. This was because his students were better behaved. They did act up at certain times, but they were always quick to get back on topic.Another thing that I realized was that the teacher in the diverse environment used all of the strategies that help classroom management and the teacher in the less diverse environment only used two of the strategies. There were a few kids in the less diverse environment that were dive rse but the teacher did not recognize them. He did not confront social dominance and justice, transform practices, or engage school community. He just acted as if everyone was the same ethnicity and ignored all differences. Which, is not always the best way to act. When a teacher acts this way even though they are teaching all of the students the same.Sometimes the students that are ethnically different can fall behind or feel as if they are not cared about. Where as the teacher in the diverse environment took advantage of her student’s differences and did all of the strategies, which helped her classroom management become better. By enforcing the strategies the classroom management becomes better because the students respect the teachers more and also usually listen better. The students and teacher benefit from using the five strategies. Keeping control of diverse classrooms is much more challenging than keeping control of less diverse classrooms.There is a big difference be tween diverse and less diverse classrooms, that is why classroom management is so important. If the teacher in the diverse environment did not use the five strategies I think it would have been very hard for her to have good classroom management in her classroom. The teacher in the less diverse environment however was able to get away with not using the five strategies because his classroom was less diverse so the students were not as hard to handle. Achieving classroom management in diverse classrooms is a very important and challenging task.Classroom management continues to be a serious concern for teachers and especially in urban and diverse learning environments (Milner 2010). Classroom management is so important in order to have a successful running class. It is easier to obtain classroom management in less diverse classrooms but there are five major strategies that help teachers achieve classroom management in diverse classrooms. I mentioned these strategies earlier, they are again building trust, engaging in personal culture, confronting social dominance and social justice, transforming instructional practices, and engaging the entire school community.Without these five strategies it would be almost impossible to gain good classroom management in diverse environments. If a teacher did not use the five strategies it is possible that his or her classroom would not have very good classroom management, depending upon if the classroom was in a diverse environment or not. Like I mentioned earlier in my paper, classrooms in less diverse environments can often get away with not using the five strategies. This is because the students are easier to manage.It is crucial however, for the teachers in the diverse environments to use the strategies. If in the future teachers decided not to use the strategies and instead decided to just ignore the differences between diverse and non-diverse environments it would cause major problems with classroom management. If a clas sroom had bad classroom management the students would suffer terribly. Some students would not care about their work, some would not listen, and some would just simply drop out.If teachers did not have control over their classrooms the students would not have anyone to listen to or pay attention to. That is why classroom management is so important. There is a way however, to help classrooms in diverse environments have good classroom management and it is to use the five strategies. If teachers in diverse settings continue to use the strategies it will help not only the teachers, by making good classroom management easier to achieve, but it will also help the students because they will learn more if they are listening and paying attention to the teacher.H. Richard Milner IV, B. T. (2010). Classroom management in diverse classrooms. Retrieved from http://uex. sagepub. com. ezaccess. libraries. psu. edu/content/45/5/560. full. pdf html Herbert Elizabeth, A. (1998). Design matters: How school environment affects children. Realizing a Positive School Climate, 56(1), 69-70. Howard Gary, R. (2007). As diversity grows, so must we. Responding to Changing Demographics, 64(6), 16-22. Schaps Eric. (2003). Creating a school community. Creating Caring Schools, 60(6), 31-33.

Drinking and Driving Essay Essay

I am not yet 16 and do not have my license so I do not drive. I am not 21 which means drinking is illegal. I have witnessed events that have happened because of drinking and driving. The penalty for drinking and driving should be more severe. Being intoxicated while behind the wheel is extremely dangerous for oneself and everyone else on the road. The deaths per year because of drinking and driving are one of the top causes of deaths in teenagers and young adult drivers. The number of casualties increases every year due to the young, irresponsible drivers of our society. Drinking clouds the brain and alters ones judgment. The first offence of drinking and driving now is being arrested but no jail time. In order to really enforce the law and make it harsher, the first offence should be include jail time. That would really wake someone up and think twice before driving after having a couple drinks. Receiving a DWI can be an automatic â€Å"good-bye† from a job position or dismissal from college. This can really ruin a person’s life. They no longer can provide for themselves or their families. Most likely one cannot find work with a DWI on their record. Families can break up and lives destroyed, just because of a very remedial decision. People drink because is relaxes them, or makes them feel better. While they are under that influence their correct judgment is whipped out and they choose to drive home or somewhere else with their life on the line or the possibility of killing an innocent person. There are many solutions to stop people fro getting behind the wheel while they are intoxicated. But it all starts with responsibility, like leaving a car behind and taking a can or having a designated driver. If society could wise up and understand drinking and driving is no joke and the law enforced a harsher punishment, then death rates would decrease.

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